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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN ELECTRIC DICE  DISPLAY WITH AUDIO UNIT.

 

ABSTRACT

This work deals extensively with the design and construction of an electrodice display (EOD) with audio unit. The device displays the value of a ludo dice in numerical form and also produces sound as it displays the number. The device works with principle of chance employed by ludo game players. The output of the display is usually very rapid that the player does not actually see the number when the device is switched ON so that it will purely be a game of chance. When the off key is pressed, a particular number is displayed and this number is the number the player got.

 

The operation of the device starts by the generation of a pulse frequency. The pulse frequency (square wave signal) is generated by times (555 timer) by connecting in unstable multi-vibrator. The output from the timer is used in clocking the binary counter (mode 10 counter) but this counter is biased in the mode 10 counter, the output from Qo, Q1 and Q2 were connected to the reset pins so that once the counter finishes the count of six of goes back to zero.

 

The result from the binary counter is then fed to the decoder / driver before connecting it to seven segment so that the decoder will be able to convert the binary values to the decimal values that are being used in the ludo game dice. The seven segment then displays the numbers by lightening the diodes that make up that particular.

 

This device is being regulated by a latch (4-edge triggered flip-flop which has two switches, one is used for putting the power supply and the other two push switches for the working of the dice display.

 

ORGANISATION OF WORK

The organisation of this work is in seven chapters, the first on the introduction; the second is on the literature review; the third is on the design of the system; the fourth deals with the construction (implementation); sixth is on packaging and the seventh on the recommendation and conclusion.

 

The first chapter: Introduction gives general view of what the electronic dice displays (EDD) with audio unit aims and objectives, scope, limitations, problems and purpose of the study.

 

The Second Chapter: Literature Review explains the different components that make up the system, their make up and how they operate.

 

The third deals on the design of the system, describes vividly each component of the system, their operating modes, specifications and applications, schematic diagram of the system showing independence modules which function together to make up the system.

 

Construction, the fourth chapter deals with the actual construction of the system, the design requirement, theory of the functioning of each module system, breakdown of the module specification and construction. Calculations and careful selection of the component values of each modules are detailed in this chapter.

 

The fifth chapter which is on the documentation deals on the general description of the work, provides ease of maintenance and wage of the system.

 

Packaging, the sixth chapter lists the factors that were taken into consideration in the design and construction of the package.

 

The seventh and the last chapter, recommendations and conclusion gives a general view of what is covered and the importance of this device. It also suggested certain areas for further studies.

 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1    Trueth table for sk flip flop

Table 3.2    Delay flip flop from SR flip flop

Table 3.4    AND logic gate truth table

Table 3.5    Table of counter output in various forms.

Table 3.7    BCD to seven segment decoder truth table.

Table 4.1a   BCD count sequence

Table 5.0    Procedure Chart

Table 5.1    System Flowchart

Table 6.0    Program Design

Table 6.1 Program Flowchart

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Organization of work

List of figures

List of table

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTORDUCTION

1. Statement of problem

1.1     Purpose of study

1. Aim and objectives
2. Scope of the study
3. Limitations of the study
4. Definitions of terms.

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

 

CHAPTER THREE

DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM FACT FINDING METHODS

Organization structure

Objectives of the existing system

 

CHAPTER FOUR

 

DESIGN OF THE NEW SYSTEM

Output specification and design

Input specification and design

File design.

Procedure chart

System flow chart

System Requirement.

 

CHAPTER FIVE

IMPLEMENTATION

Program Design

Program Flowchart

Pseudcodes

 

CHAPTER SIX

DOCUMENTATION

 

CHAPTER SEVEN

RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION

 

REFERENCE

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Instrumentation engineering has advanced widely with the introduction of medium scale integration (MIS), large scale Integration (LSI) and very large scale Integration (VLSI). For the purpose of accuracy and reliability analogue instruments are being replaced by the digital ones. The electronic dice display (EDD) with audio unit is among this now bread of instruments.

 

1. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.

The design of an electronic dice display is invented because of the quest fort reducing strenuous activities encountered by man, especially on the area of its recreational activities. This device is used in ludo game. The ludo game on its manual operation, as he manipulated by the experts so that it can no longer be a game of chance. Sometimes players can employ tricks on their opponents which playing the game, for example if the both players are not vigilant, one of the them can event thwart the dice and claimed that nothing happened. The players too may get tired after playing two or three times because of the stress in shaking and playing the dice, the frequent hitting of the dice on the ludo board can even give cracks on the glass covering the ludo board. One can even  experience the dice getting lost in the game because the dice is very small so if care is not taken, it can fall out from the board. All these problems were taken into consideration before constructing the electronic dice display.

 

1.1     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.

As stated earlier, the design of this device is to help man conquer his environment. With the advent of medium scale integration (MSI), Integration circuit (IC) can be used to design devices that can help man perform his work effectively. With little or no stress and even sometimes at a cheaper rate. The device too will eradicate all the stress, tricks and pranks encountered when playing ludo game.

 

1.2     AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The device will increase the fun derived from playing the game, even little kids can now join since they only need to press the buttons for the device to work. The game will now be purely based on chance because all bias will be eradicated, no expert can manipulate the device no matter how many times you use it. the normal phenomenon of playing tricks will be a thing of the past.

 

1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The work covered that playing and displaying of number got. This that the device when switched ON and STAR button is pressed, a particular number will be shown and this is the number the player got. This means that the player still need to get a ludo board and the seeds for the game.

 

1.4            LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

It will be an unfair treatment to this project if the discussion of the limitations that handicapped this important research work is overlooked. Hence, it is considered necessary for it will be a stepping stone for the improvement in further work.

The work is limited to just playing of the number got and the generation of sound through emphasis was not laid on the sound system. Part of the limitations in this project is as a result of their inclusion in the scope while others are due to constraints. The design specification was to achieve an electronic dice display that can display from 1 – 6. also the system is not protected from wrong voltage supplies. Voltage polarities wrongly connected or supplies greater than the specific supply voltage will damage the system.

 

Most of the constraints were due to lack of test with detailed information on the theory and the practice of electronic dice display (EDD). As 90% of the components are purely digital. They are not readily available on the market. Some of the components especially the transistors used sound display were not found in the market so I was forced to use the equivalent as specified in the data book and when some of these components are found, they are usually expensive.

Another problem was lack of equipment in the departmental laboratory for the executing and monitoring of the project. Some of the equipment used in the other department/ market were bad and gave false result. The oscilloscope used was not sophisticated enough to display very low frequency output of about 1Hz. Also, lack of textbooks was another serious problem. The few books seen treated components of dice display so shallowly. This calls for designing and re-designing till a working circuit was realized.

 

1. DEFINITION OF TERMS

AND GATE.

It is  a circuit which gives a high outputs (ie logic 1 = high and logic O = low)an AND gate is represented by a dot to indicate it is a multiplication.

 

                   A

                                                                                      A.B

                   B                                                                 fig 1.0 AND GATE

 

CAPACITORS:

It provides a means of storing electrical energy in form of an electric field.

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                      Fig 1.1 Capacitor

COUNTER:

A circuit, which gives output pulse for every two inputs pulses. If the input pulses are irregular the circuit is regarded as counter. Counters usually come as integrated circuit.

 

Decoder/driver:

 A decoder can be the reverse of an encoder circuit, there are a variety of decoders designed for specific purpose. In this case it is used as a code converter where it is required to convert from binary coded decimal (BCD) to decimal.

 

Diode:

Diode are two terminal devices which exhibit low resistance to current flow in the other.

 

FLIP FLOP:

It is a continual logic that can be able to hold one bit at a time.

 

LATCH:

A latch is a combination of flip flops, in the particular (IC 7474) latch, it has a combination of 4 positive edge triggered flip flops. It changes state on reseipt of an input signal but a way that it does not change state.

 

MULTIVIBRATOR (ASTABLE)

They are flip flops that has no stable state. It is called astable or free running multivibrator. These type of logic circuit switches back and forth (oscillates) between unstable states. Useful for providing clock signals for asynchronous digital circuits.

 

RESISTORS:

Resistors provide us with a means of